8d Manual
User's Manual English 668.96 KB These Download Terms and Conditions ('Agreement') constitute a legal agreement between you (either an individual or single entity) and Nikon Corporation or its associated company ('Nikon') setting forth the terms and conditions governing your download of the operation manual for our products (“Manual”). By clicking “I agree - Begin download” button on this page in order to start downloading the Manual, you indicate your acceptance of this Agreement and are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this Agreement, you are not authorized to download the Manual. Please read this Agreement carefully before beginning download. This license is not a sale of the Manual and you do not become the owner of the Manual through your purchase of any product, download and/or use. Nikon retain ownership of the Manual and all copies thereof and all related intellectual property rights, and reserves all rights not expressly granted to you under this Agreement.
This Agreement constitutes the complete and exclusive agreement, oral or written, between you and Nikon. MANUAL The Manual are for customers who have purchased our products. We may be unable to respond to inquiries from individuals who have not purchased our products. Please note that the manual and the contact information therein are subject to change without notice.
The Manual is protected by Japanese copyright law and international copyright laws and treaties. You must reproduce on each copy the Nikon copyright notice and any other proprietary legends that were on the original. RESTRICTIONS Except as otherwise stated in this Agreement, you may not make or distribute copies of the Manual to others or electronically transfer the Manual from one computer to another over a network.
YOU MAY NOT ALTER OR REMOVE ANY COPYRIGHT, TRADEMARK OR OTHER PROTECTIVE NOTICES CONTAINED IN THE MANUAL. YOU MAY NOT ASSIGN OR OTHERWISE DISPOSE OF, MODIFY, ADAPT, TRANSLATE, RENT, LEASE, LOAN, RESELL, DISTRIBUTE, NETWORK, OR CREATE OR HAVE CREATED DERIVATIVE WORKS BASED UPON THE MANUAL OR ANY PART THEREOF. LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, THE MANUAL IS PROVIDED ON AN 'AS IS' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, AND NIKON, ITS EMPLOYEES, DISTRIBUTORS, DEALERS AND AGENTS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, NIKON, ITS EMPLOYEES, DISTRIBUTORS, DEALERS, AND AGENTS DO NOT WARRANT THE PERFORMANCE OF OR THE RESULTS YOU MAY OBTAIN FROM THE MANUAL, OR THAT THE MANUAL WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE OPERATION OF THE MANUAL WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR-FREE, OR FREE OF VIRUSES.
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, NEITHER NIKON, NOR ITS EMPLOYEES, DISTRIBUTORS, DEALERS OR AGENTS SHALL BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, LOSSES OR, EXPENSES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF OR RESULTING FROM THE MANUAL, HOWEVER CAUSED, EVEN IF NIKON, ITS EMPLOYEES, DISTRIBUTORS, DEALERS OR AGENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, LOSSES, OR EXPENSES. THIS DISCLAIMER CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS AGREEMENT AND NO USE OF THE MANUAL IS AUTHORIZED EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER. GENERAL This Agreement is governed by and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of Japan without regard to its conflicts of laws principles. In the event a dispute arises under or in connection with this Agreement, you hereby consent to personal jurisdiction of Japan and waive any objection that such forum is inconvenient. You further consent to service of process in any action arising from this Agreement by regular mail or other commercially reasonable means of receipted delivery. If any provision of the Agreement shall be determined invalid for any reason, the remaining provisions shall not be invalidated and shall remain in full force and effect.
Nikon 80-200 2.8d Manual
This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between you and Nikon, and supersedes and replaces any other agreements relating to the subject matter of this Agreement. The failure of any party to insist upon strict performance of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement, or the exercise of any option, right or remedy contained herein, shall not be construed as a waiver of any future application of such term, provision, option, right or remedy, and such term, provision, option, right or remedy shall continue and remain in full force and effect. The headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not constitute a part hereof or affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the provisions of section 3 and section 4 together with any provisions that by their express terms apply to periods after termination of this Agreement, shall survive termination of this Agreement for any reason. Manuals for Nikon products/ 2018/02/15/ Ver.2.0.0.
This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009) Eight disciplines ( 8Ds) problem solving is a method developed at used to approach and to resolve problems, typically employed by engineers or other professionals.
Focused on product and process improvement, its purpose is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems. It establishes a permanent corrective action based on statistical analysis of the problem and on the origin of the problem by determining the. Although it originally comprised eight stages, or 'disciplines', it was later augmented by an initial planning stage. 8D follows the logic of the. The disciplines are: D0: Preparation and Emergency Response Actions: Plan for solving the problem and determine the prerequisites. Provide Emergency response Actions D1: Use a Team: Establish a team of people with product/process knowledge.
D2: Describe the Problem: Specify the problem by identifying in quantifiable terms the who, what, where, when, why, how, and how many (5W2H) for the problem. D3: Develop Interim Containment Plan: Define and implement containment actions to isolate the problem from any customer. D4: Determine and Verify Root Causes and Escape Points: Identify all applicable causes that could explain why the problem has occurred. Also identify why the problem was not noticed at the time it occurred.
All causes shall be verified or proved. One can use or to map causes against the effect or problem identified.
D5: Verify Permanent Corrections (PCs) for Problem will resolve problem for the customer: Using pre-production programs, quantitatively confirm that the selected correction will resolve the problem. (Verify that the correction will actually solve the problem.) D6: Define and Implement Corrective Actions: Define and Implement the best corrective actions. D7: Prevent Recurrence / System Problems: Modify the management systems, operation systems, practices, and procedures to prevent recurrence of this and similar problems.
D8: Congratulate the Main Contributors to your Team: Recognize the collective efforts of the team. The team needs to be formally thanked by the organization. 8Ds has become a standard in the automotive, assembly, and other industries that require a thorough structured problem-solving process using a team approach. Contents. Ford Motor Company's team-oriented problem solving The executives of the Powertrain Organization (, ) wanted a methodology where teams (design engineering, manufacturing engineering, and production) could work on recurring chronic problems. In 1986, the assignment was given to develop a manual and a subsequent course that would achieve a new approach to solving identified engineering design and manufacturing problems. The manual for this methodology was documented and defined in Team Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS), first published in 1987.
The manual and subsequent course material were piloted at in. Ford refers to their current variant as G8D (Global 8D). The Ford 8Ds manual is extensive and covers chapter by chapter how to go about addressing, quantifying, and resolving engineering issues. It begins with a cross-functional team and concludes with a successful demonstrated resolution of the problem.
Containment actions may or may not be needed based on where the problem occurred in the life cycle of the product. Usage Many disciplines are typically involved in the '8Ds' methodology. The tools used can be found in textbooks and reference materials used by professionals.
For example, an 'Is/Is Not' worksheet is a common tool employed at D2, and Ishikawa, or 'fishbone,' diagrams and '5-why analysis' are common tools employed at step D4. In the late 1990s, Ford developed a revised version of the 8D process that they call 'Global 8D' (G8D), which is the current global standard for Ford and many other companies in the automotive supply chain. The major revisions to the process are as follows:. Addition of a D0 (D-Zero) step as a gateway to the process. At D0, the team documents the symptoms that initiated the effort along with any emergency response actions (ERAs) that were taken before formal initiation of the G8D.
D0 also incorporates standard assessing questions meant to determine whether a full G8D is required. The assessing questions are meant to ensure that in a world of limited problem-solving resources, the efforts required for a full team-based problem-solving effort are limited to those problems that warrant these resources. Addition of the notion of escape points to D4 through D6. An 'escape point' is the earliest control point in the control system following the root cause of a problem that should have detected that problem but failed to do so.
The idea here is to consider not only the root cause, but also what went wrong with the control system in allowing this problem to escape. Global 8D requires the team to identify and verify an escape point at D4.
Mercury Mod Vp Service Manual alphablackpool co uk. - Mercury Mod Vp Service Manual Document for Mercury Mod Vp Service. Manual is available in various. Mercury mod vp service manual. Oct 1, 2018 - vp pdf - Readbag users suggest that. Merc_manual_v5.VP is. Merck manual - merckbooks.commercury mod vp service manual - rkmtbs.org. Mercury didn't build a 300 2.4 Mod-vp motor. Then get a Mercury Marine OEM service manual and a Fluke meter and do the tests by the book. Mercury mercontrol PDF document was found in our library. Pi945gcm windows xp free download, mercury mod vp, mercury 50 outboard service manual.
Then, through D5 and D6, the process requires the team to choose, verify, implement, and validate permanent corrective actions to address the escape point. Recently, the 8D process has been employed significantly outside the auto industry. As part of lean initiatives and continuous-improvement processes it is employed extensively in the food manufacturing, health care, and high-tech manufacturing industries. Benefits The benefits of the 8D methodology include effective approaches to finding a, developing proper actions to eliminate root causes, and implementing the permanent corrective action. The system also helps to explore the that allowed the problem to escape. The Escape Point is studied for the purpose of improving the ability of the Control System to detect the failure or cause when and if it should occur again.
Finally the Prevention Loop explores the systems that permitted the condition that allowed the Failure and Cause Mechanism to exist in the first place. Prerequisites Requires training in the 8D process as well as appropriate data collection and analysis tools such as, fishbone diagrams, and process maps. Problem solving tools The following tools can be used within 8D:. also known as cause-and-effect or fishbone diagrams. or Pareto diagrams.
5W and 2H (who, what, where, when, why, how, how often). or Background of common corrective actions to dispose of nonconforming items The 8D methodology was first described in a Ford manual in 1987. The manual describes the eight-step methodology to address chronic product and process problems. The 8Ds included several concepts of effective problem solving, including taking corrective actions and containing nonconforming items. These two steps have been very common in most manufacturing facilities, including government and military installations. In 1974, the U.S.
Department of Defense (DOD) released “MIL-STD 1520 Corrective Action and Disposition System for Nonconforming Material”. This 13 page standard defines establishing some corrective actions and then taking containment actions on nonconforming material or items. It is focused on inspection for defects and disposing of them. The basic idea of corrective actions and containment of defectives was officially abolished in 1995, but these concepts were also common to Ford Motor Company, a major supplier to the government in World War II.
Corrective actions and containment of poor quality parts were part of the manual and course for the automotive industry and are well known to many companies. Ford's 60 page manual covers details associated with each step in their 8D problem solving manual and the actions to take to deal with identified problems. Military usage The exact history of the 8D method remains disputed as many publications and websites state that it originates from the US military.
8d Manual Pdf
Indeed, MIL-STD-1520C outlines a set of requirements for their contractors on how they should organize themselves with respect to non-conforming materials. Developed in 1974 and cancelled in February 1995 as part of the Perry memo, you can compare it best to the ISO 9001 standard that currently exists as it expresses the same philosophy. The aforementioned military standard does outline some aspects that are in the 8D method, however, it does not provide the same structure that the 8D methodology offers.
Taking into account the fact that the Ford Motor Company played an instrumental role in producing army vehicles during the Second World War and in the decades after, it could very well be the case that the MIL-STD-1520C stood as a model for today’s 8D method. Relationship between 8D and FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis) is a tool generally used in the planning of product or process design. The relationships between 8D and FMEA are outlined below:. The problem statements and descriptions are sometimes linked between both documents. An 8D can utilize pre-brainstormed information from a FMEA to assist in looking for potential problems. Possible causes in a FMEA can immediately be used to jump start 8D Fishbone. Brainstorming information that is already known is not a good use of time or resources.
Nikon Af Nikkor 50mm 1 1.8d Manual
Data and brainstorming collected during an 8D can be placed into a FMEA for future planning of new product or process quality. This allows a FMEA to consider actual failures, occurring as failure modes and causes, becoming more effective and complete. The design or process controls in a FMEA can be used in verifying the root cause and Permanent Corrective Action in an 8D. The FMEA and 8D should reconcile each failure and cause by cross documenting failure modes, problem statements and possible causes.
Each FMEA can be used as a database of possible causes of failure as an 8D is developed. See also. (QMS). References.