Semester Exam For Biology Guide
Section A: Scientific Processes and Introduction to Biology (Ch 1) Topics: Microscope Use, Scientific Method, Metric System 1. List the steps of the scientific method: ask question / observation develop hypothesis experiment draw conclusion 2. Understand how a controlled experiment is conducted.
Sample: A scientist wants to know if Miracle Grow will increase the number of tomatoes on his tomato plants. To tomato plant A he adds miracle grow; and to tomato plant B he does not add miracle grow.
Both plants are given the same amount of light and water. After 6 weeks he counts the number of tomatoes are present on each plant. Plant A = 9 Plant B = 4 a.
What is the manipulated variable in the experiment? miracle grow b.
What is the responding variable? number of tomatoes c. Which is the control group? group B.
Microscope Use: a. When first focusing the microscope, which objective do you use? scanning (4x) b. When using the high power objective, which focus knob do you use? coarse c. What are the three objectives found on the microscopes you used in class? fine adjustment d.
What part of the microscope can be used to adjust the amount of light? Metric System a. What metric system unit would be used to measure volume (such as a can of coke)? ml or liter b. What metric system unit would be used to measure the length of a room?
Terms/Concepts a. Biology the study of life b. Science gathers information about the world using obvservations and experimentation c. Hypothesis a proposed answer or explanation, a testable statement d. Controlled Experiment used to test a hypothesis, tests only one variable e.
Cell the smallest unit of life f. Organism any living thing g. Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation h. Spontaneous Generation the idea that life could come from nonliving matter i. Homeostasis state of biological balance; staying the same j. Responsiveness a reaction to a stimulus k.
Reproduction making more of the same kind, either sexually or asexually l. Evolution change over time m. Energy obtained from sunlight or food, powers life processes n. Observations perceiving objects or events o. Theory a statement that explains a set of observations and is generally well accepted Section B: Cells and Cell Processes (Ch 7) Topics: Cell Structure, Organelles, Types of Cells, Cell Transport, Cell Division 1.
What structure distinguishes a eukaryote from a prokaryote? nucleus 2. What shape is a plant cell? square An animal cell?
What part of the cell is describe as selectively permeable? cell membrane 4. If you place a few drops of food coloring in a glass full of water, eventually all the water is colored. This is due to the process of diffusion 5.
For each of the structures listed, indicate whether it is found in PLANTS (P), ANIMALS (A), or BOTH (B) P Chloroplasts B Cell Membrane B Nucleus P Cell Wall B Mitochondria 6. In each of the situations pictured, indicate whether the cell will gain water, lose water, or stay the same. In each case, the cell in the beaker is 10% salt. Stays same.
Cell gains water. Cell loses water.
Know the function of each of the cell organelles listed: a. Endoplasmic Reticulum intracellular highway, transport system b. Cell Membrane regulates what comes in and out of the cell c. Ribosome makes proteins d.
Lysosome contains digestive enzymes, breaks down substances e. Nucleus control center of the cell, contains DNA 8. Identify the process pictured as either mitosis, osmosis, or endocytosis Bio 1A: Also identify the phases of mitosis.
Label a plant and an animal cell: A. Cell Wall B. Cell Membrane C. Golgi Apparatus D. Chloroplasts E.
Mitochondria AC. Cytoplasm AD. Ribosome AE. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum BD. Nucleolus BC. Chromosomes BE. Rough ER Section C: Evolution and Taxonomy Topics: Classification, Theory of Evolution, The Six Kingdoms 1.
Define evolution: change over time 2. For each statement below, place a check next to those that provide EVIDENCE that evolution has occurred: X Animals have structures they do not use (vestigial) The same types of animals live in different parts of the world X The fossil record shows transitional species X Vertebrates have the same (or similar) internal structures, such as the bones of the forearm Every organism has unique structures unlike any other organism 3. Natural / Artificial Selection is responsible for the many different breeds of dogs. What is an adaptation?
a trait that gives an organism an advantage, or helps it survive 5. Describe how evolution would have acted on giraffes according to natural selection. Long necked animals had an advantage in that they could reach high leaves, those animals survived and passed their genes to the next generation. Short necked animals did not survive. Over time, a larger number of the population had long necks. Who proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? Charles Darwin 7.
What is the difference between a common name and a scientific name? common names vary, scientific names have two parts and do not vary by region 8. Know the taxonomic categories used to describe how organisms are classified. KingdomPhylum , ClassOrder , FamilyGenus Species 9. What does the scientific name tell you about the organism?
Genus + Species 10. Know what types or organisms go into each of the 6 Kingdoms Animalia dogs, humans, insects Plantae trees, flowers, grass Fungi mushrooms and yeast Protista paramecium, ameba, euglena, algae Archaebacteria extremophiles Eubacteria E.coli, salmonella, streptococcus 11. Know the difference between a(n): prokaryote and eukaryote prokayotes do not have a nucleus unicellular and multicellular 1 celled; more than 1 cell heterotroph and autotroph consumes food, makes food mobile and sessile can move, cannot move 12. How did Darwin’s Theory explain the different shapes and sizes among the beaks of finches on the Galapagos?
each bird was adapted to an island's particular food source 13. According to the cladogram, which two species are most closely related? scyphozoa and cubazoa Section D: Kingdom Protista and Simple Animals Topics: Protozoans, Algae, Parasites, The Animal Kingdom, Sponges, Cnidarians 1. Label and Identify Each of the Protists Euglena Ameba Paramecium Euglena Label A. Contractile vacuole D. Cell membrane (or pellicle) E.
Chloroplasts AB. Nucleus Ameba Label A.
Cell membrane B. Contractile vacuole D. Pseudopodia E. Food vacuole Parmecium Label A. Macronucleus B. Micronucleus C.
Oral groove (or mouth pore) D. Contractile vacuole 2. What is the function of the: Chloroplast photosynthesis Contractile Vacuole removes excess water Micronucleus involved in sexual reproduction Food Vacuole digests food Pseudopodia 'false feet', extensions of cytoplasm used for movement and catching food Pellicle stiff membrane surrounding euglena Eyespot detects light 3. How do each of these protists move? Euglena flagella Paramecium cilia Ameba pseudopodia 4. Animal-Like Protists are called protozoa 5. To what KINGDOM do the ameba, euglena and paramecium belong?
Protista 6. Check each organism if it is UNICELLULAR X Paramecium Hydra Sponge Roundworm X Ameba 7. How does a person get malaria? getting bitten by a mosquito, which transmits the protist plasmodium into the blood 8.
Where are most protozoans found? in water 9.
What organisms belong to the PHYLUM PORIFERA? sponges 10. Some animals are asymmetrical, what are the two types of symmetry found in other animals? Bilateral and radial 11.
Algebra 2 Semester Exam
On the animal below, label the dorsal ( B), ventral ( C), posterior ( D) and anterior ( A) sides 12. Unlike other animals, sponges do NOT have (check all that apply) X symmetry cells X tissues the ability to reproduce 13. Can sponges reproduce asexually? yes Sexually?
yes 14. What is a hermaphrodite? can produce both sperm and eggs 15. What does “sessile” mean? lives attached to a surface, does not move 16. Name an organism that is sessile: sponge, hydra, coral, anemone 17. To be classified into the animal kingdom, organisms must be (check all that apply) X Multicellular X Heterotrophic Hermaphroditic Mobile 18.
Cnidarians use their tentacles for: capturing prey 19. Which of the following forms is the medusa (first)? Which is the polyp (second)? Section D: Invertebrates Topics Covered: Roundworms, Flatworms, Mollusks, Annelids, Arthropods 1. What is regeneration? regrowth of body parts 2.
Roundworms belong to the Kingdom Animalia and the Phylum Nematoda 3. How might a person contract a tapeworm? eating contaminated food 4. Where does a parasitic tapeworm live in the body? blood / intestine / brain 5. What is the intermediate host of the schistosoma worm?
snail How would a person contract schistosomiasis? stepping on snails or wading in water where snails live 6. Flatworms, such as the planarian, belong to the Kingdom Animalia and the Phylum Platyhelminthes 7. What Phylum includes all the segmented worms, like a leech or earthworm?
Annelida 8. What group of animals is characterized by an exoskeleton? Arthropods 9. What are mandibles? chewing mouthparts that open from side to side 10. What animal has suckers, a beak, and a fin (most of you dissected it in class) squid 11. The digestive tract of an earthworm includes the following structures.
Place them in the correct order. 2 Pharynx 4 Gizzard 5 Intestine 1 Mouth 3 Crop 6 Anus 12. In most animals, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is the esophagus 13. Which of those structures grinds the food? gizzard Which stores food? crop Which is a muscle to help suck food (soil) in?
pharynx 14. The arrow on the drawing points to the clitellum What is the function of the structure? reproduction 15. What are the three parts of the insect body plan? head, thorax, abdomen 16.
How many legs does an insect have? 6 How many legs does a spider have? What is the function of the “foot” of the mollusk? movement 18. Do insects have antennae? yes Do spiders? no Do crustaceans have antennae?
no 19. What was the stiff shell-like structure you removed from the squid during the dissection? pen 20. For each of the pairs, circle the set that is most closely related Always look for the two that are in the same taxon (group) a. Spiders & scorpions - both are chelicerates b.
Spiders & crabs a. Sea anemone & sponge b. Jellyfish & hydra - both are cnidarians a. Earthworm & leech - both are annelida b. Flatworm & roundworm a. Crab & lobster - both are crustaceans b.
Lobster & millipede a. Squid & jellyfish b. Squid & snail - both are mollusks 21. Identify the following organisms (mollusk, tapeworm, annelid, flatworm, cnidarian (hydra), crustacean).crustacean.flatworm.hydra.mollusk.tapeworm.annelid 22.
On the Crayfish, identify the Antenna - attached to head Cheliped - claws Cephalothorax - front section of the body Abdomen - back section Walking Legs - larger, in the front Swimmerets - smaller, attached to abdomen 23. Of all the phyla, which contains the largest number of species? arthropoda 24. The tentacles of a cephalopod are used for what purpose? capturing food 25. On the picture of the squid, identify the: Eyes Tentacle Arm Fin Mouth 26.
Check the box if it applies to the organism: Crustacean Spider Insect Has antennae X X Member of Phylum Arthropoda X X X Has 3 body segments X Has 2 body segments, one being a cephalothorax X X Has chelicerae X 27. What is metamorphosis? changes that insects and other organisms go through as they age, sometimes resulting in dramatic changes, such as a caterpillar becoming a butterfly Bio 1A also has additional anatomy labeling: squid, hydra, sponge, crayfish, earthworm.
Cards Term Biology Definition The study of living organisms. Term Homeostasis Definition When the body tempreture is perfect for chemical reactions to take place. Term Variable Definition A set or item you can control in a experiment. Term Compound Light Microscope Definition A microscope that is compound and uses light to zoom in on objects up.
Term Theory Definition A hypothesis that has been tested many times and is factual. Term Control Definition A controlled variable can be controlled. Term List 8 characteristics of living things: Definition. Order: Living things need ordered structure to characterize life.
Evolutionary Adaptation: Living things adapt and evolve over many generations by the reproductive success of those individuals with heritable traits that are best suited for their environments. Response: Living things respond to whats happening around them in their environment. Reproduction: Living things need to reproduce their own kind Growth and Development: Inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development of organisms. Regulation: Living things need to be able to regulate themselves in order to maintain homeostasis Term What do controlled experiments allow the scientists do?
Definition They allow the scientist to collect and share data to improve our society. Term What is the basic unit in the SI system for mass? 8th grade science staar test. Definition Gram Term Neutron Definition In a atom, the neutral charge. Term Lipids Definition Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Term Ionic Bonds Definition Ionic bonds are combinations of ions to form more complex 'stuff'.
Term Enzymnes Definition A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. Term What subatomic particals are part of the nucleus, and what are not? Definition You can find neutrons and protons in the nucleus, you find electrons flowing outside it. Term What is the pH of an acid? Definition Very high, and an example would be citric acid. Term What is a pH of a base? Definition Something very low, like starch.
Term Cell Specialization Definition In multicellular organisms, they have organs doing different features. Term What element do all organic compounds contain?
Definition Carbon. Term Osmosis Definition Diffusion of molecules in water.
Term Who first viewed cells using a microscope? Definition Robert Hooke Term List a few organelles and thier purpose: Definition. Nucleus - Holds the DNA of the cell and controls it.
Mitochandria - Responsible for many chemical reactions such as fermintation. Lysosome - Clean up the cell 'the janitor'. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Manufactor and transfer protiens. Term The difference between prokayriotes and eukaryotes? Definition Is that prokayrotes lack a nucleus, have a cell wall in most cases. Bacteria is a prokayrote.
Eukaryotes have nucleuses and in some, most cases have cell walls. Animals do not. Term The function of the is to give cell support and keep out many of infections. They make sure and control balance. Definition Cell Membrane Term Protien Ports and Channels can be found all over the. Definition Cell Membrane. Term What is the function of the cell wall?
Definition The cell wall is responsible for keeping many viruses out of the cells, and give the cell, plant support. Term How is diffusion and active transport different?
Definition Active transport requires energy. Diffusion does not. Term The levels of organs / cells: Definition. Cell. Cell Tissue. Organ. Organ System.
Organism Term Pigments Definition They absorb sunlight. Term What are some examples of Autotrophs? Definition Trees, plants. Term Where does the photosynthesis occure?
Definition Chloroplasts found in cells, chlorophyll. Term What are the products in the light reactants? Definition.
Oxygen. Energy Term Factors affect the rate of photosynthsis include: Definition Where the leaf is, how cloudy it is, amount of water a plant has. Term Why are plants green? Definition The chlorophyll.
Term What would happen to photosynthesis if carbon dioxide was decreased? Definition It whas go down and not release as much energy. Term What is the eqaution of cellular respiration? Definition C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy Term What organisms use cellular respiration to gain energy?
Definition Heterotrophs. Term What causes muscle soreness? Definition Lake of oxygen getting into cells, so they revert to fermination. Term If mucsles cannot get enough energy, they revert to fermination.
Definition Atlhetes breath due to gaining oxygen into thier muscles. Term Photosynthesis gains and stores energy, while the other uses energy. Definition Photosynthesis gains and stores energy, while the other uses energy. Term Dormancy Definition Not active for a while Term Tropism Definition Response that results in action. Term Phototropism Definition Response to light.
Term Photoperiodism Definition Respons to seasons, or time of day. Term Gravitropism Definition Response to gravity. Term Thigmatropism Definition Response to movement.
Term Root Hairs Definition Hairs on root that gives it touch. Term Seed Definition a organsystem that creats a new plant. Term Spirilla Definition Spiral shaped bacterium.
Term Cocci Definition Sphereical shaped bacteria. Term Taxonomy Definition The current system of naming organisms. Term Phylogenolgy Definition Study of evolution and how it corresponds to naming animals. Term Fossil Definition Dead organism with stored energy. Term Natural Selection Definition Survival of the fittist, evolution. Term Natural Variation Definition Varation of animals corresponding to evolutionary traits, or heredity.
Term What contribution did Darwin and Lamarck make in the field of Evolution? Definition They brought forth the idea even though it was against the common religion. Term Domains / Kingdoms Definition Domain: Bacteria Kingdom Bacteria Domain: Archaea Kingdom Archaea Domain: Eukarya: Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Term What is the official classification language? Definition Binomial Nomenclature Term How do you properly write a organism name? Definition Felis catador I made that up, don't look it up.